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NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was formed on January 1, 2015 through a Union Cabinet resolution. NITI Aayog is a policy think-tank of the Government of India. It replaced the Planning Commission from 13th August, 2014. The Prime Minister is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog and Union Ministers will be Ex-officio members.The Vice- […]
Economic planning is a process under which attempts are made to achieve desired targets of economic development within a specified period of time. There are different types of planning which differ in ideology and the procedure in execution. 1. Democratic Vs Totalitarian: Democratic planning implies planning within democracy. People are associated at every step in […]
The economic planning is justified on the following grounds. 1. To accelerate and strengthen market mechanism: The market mechanism works imperfectly in underdeveloped countries because of the ignorance and unfamiliarity with it. A large part of the economy comprises the non-monetized sector. The product, factor, money and capital markets are not organized properly. Therefore the […]
Economy The Mughal economy was a forest-based agricultural economy. The forests provided the raw materials for the craftsmen. Timber went to carpenters, wood carvers and shipwrights, lacquerware makers; wild silk to reelers and weavers; charcoal to iron miners and metal smiths. Hence the relationship between manufacturing and the forest was very close. Different classes of […]
Mughal Society The population of India is estimated to have been around 15 crores in the 16th century and 20 crores in the 18th century. Large areas of land were under forest cover and the area under cultivation would have been much less. As agriculture was the prime occupation of the society the village community […]
Aurangzeb (1658–1707) Aurangzeb Alamgir (“World Conqueror”) ascended the throne in 1658 after getting rid of all the competitors for the throne, Dara Shukoh, Shuja and Murad, in a war of succession. His reign of fifty years falls into two equal parts. During the first twenty-five years he resided in the north, chiefly at Delhi, and […]
Shah Jahan (1627-1658) When Shah Jahan ascended the throne in Agra his position was secure and unchallenged. Yet the affairs of the empire needed attention. The Afghan Pir Lodi, with the title Khanjahan, who had been governor of the southern provinces of the empire was hostile. Despite Shah Jahan’s order transferring him from the government […]
Jahangir (1605–1627) Akbar was succeeded by his son Salim with the title Nur-ud-din Jahangir. He was Akbar’s son by a Rajput wife. His ascension was challenged by his eldest son Prince Khusrau who staged a revolt with the blessings of Sikh Guru Arjun Dev. Prince Khusrau was defeated, captured and blinded, while Guru Arjun Dev […]
Meaning: Planning is a technique, a means to an end being the realization of certainpre-determined and well-defined aims and objectives laid down by a central planning authority. The end may be to achieve economic, social, political or military objectives. Definitions: Economic Planning is “collective control or suppression of private activities of production and exchange”. -Robbins […]
There are circular relationships known as the ‘vicious circles of poverty’that tend to perpetuate the low level of development in Less Developed Countries(LDCs). Nurkse explains the idea in these words: “It implies a circular constellation of forces tending to act and react upon one another in such a way as to keep a poor country […]
Economic Factors: 1.Natural Resource: The principal factor affecting the development of an economy is the availability of natural resources. The existence of natural resources in abundance is essential for development. A country deficient in natural resources may not be in a position to develop rapidly. But a country like Japan lacking natural resources imports them […]
Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) During Humayun’s wanderings in the Rajputana desert, his wife gave birth to a son, Jalaluddin, known as Akbar, in 1542. Akbar was crowned at the age of fourteen. At the time of Akbar’s ascension, the Afghans and Rajputs were still powerful and posed a great challenge. Yet he had a guardian and […]
In today’s market, you must think not only about the quality of the product and assistance, but also about the security of your business and secret data and processes. The virtual datarooms will allow you not only to handle this, although also to start working considerably more productively. Reliability and Online Data Rooms The way […]
A good plan may fail due to faulty implementation. But a faulty plan cannot succeed through good implementation.“Plan your work for today and every day, then work your plan.” -Margaret Thatcher Meaning of Development and Underdevelopment: Introduction: The concept “development” refers tothe structural changes towards betterment. Until the World War II, interest was rarely shown […]
Organic farming is a system of agricultural production which relies on animal manure, organic waste, crop rotation,legumes and biological pest control. It avoids use of synthetic fertilizer, pesticides and livestock additives. Organic inputs have certain benefits, such as enriching soil for microbes. Organic production is a holistic system designed to optimize the productivity and fitness […]
Meaning: Sustainable development is concerned with the welfare of not only present generation but also future generation. It aims at not only satisfying the luxury wants of the upper class i.e. rich but also the basic necessities of the poor like food, sanitation, health care, education etc. The present generation should not exhaust the resources […]
Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (both land and water) as well as its atmosphere.Average temperatures around the world have risen by 0.75ºC (1.4ºF) over the last 100 years. About two thirds of this increase has occurred since 1975.Carbondioxide,methane,Chlorofluoro Carbon, nitrous oxides are the green house gases warming the […]
Definition: The land pollution is defined as, “the degradation of land because of the disposal of waste on the land”.Any substance (solid,liquid or gaseous) that is discharged,emitted or deposited in the environment in such a way that it alters the environment causes land pollution -Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997. Types of Land Pollution: […]
Definition: Noise pollution is unwanted or excessive sound that can have deleterious effects on human health and environmental quality. Noise pollution is commonly generated by many factories. It also comes from highway, railway and airplane traffic and from outdoor construction activities. – Jerry A. Nathanson and Richard E. Berg, 2018 Types of Noise Pollution: i. […]
Definition: “The introduction (directly or indirectly) of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) results in deleterious effects to living resources, hazards to human health,hindrance to marine activities. – United Nations, 1971 Types of Water Pollution: i. Surface water pollution: Surface water includes natural water found on the earth’s surface, like rivers,lakes, lagoons […]