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The mandrill is the world’s largest monkey. It is instantly recognizable due to its strikingly colored face and hindquarters. The mandrill is similar in appearance to a baboon (although much more colorful), and was once classified in the same genus. Today the mandrill is placed in a separate genus, Mandrillus. The only other species in […]
The Mongolian gerbil or Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus) is a small rodent belonging to the subfamily Gerbillinae.Body size is typically 110–135mm, with a 95–120mm tail, and body weight 60–130g, with adult males larger than females.The animal is used in science and kept as a small house pet. Their use in science dates back to the […]
Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or brush). Foxes live on every continent except Antarctica. The most common and widespread species of fox is the red fox (Vulpes […]
An earthworm is a terrestrial invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Annelida. They exhibit a tube-within-a-tube body plan, are externally segmented with corresponding internal segmentation, and usually have setae on all segments. They occur worldwide where soil, water, and temperature allow. Earthworms are commonly found in soil, eating a wide variety of organic matter.This organic […]
deer, (family Cervidae), any of 43 species of hoofed ruminants in the order Artiodactyla, notable for having two large and two small hooves on each foot and also for having antlers in the males of most species and in the females of one species. Deer are native to all continents except Australia and Antarctica, and […]
A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as “humps” on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide food (milk and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from hair). Camels are working animals especially suited to their desert habitat and are a […]
Badger, common name for any of several stout carnivores, most of them members of the weasel family (Mustelidae), that are found in various parts of the world and are known for their burrowing ability. The species differ in size, habitat, and coloration, but all are nocturnal and possess anal scent glands, powerful jaws, and large, […]
The Arctic Hare is a hardy animal that lives in cold, inhospitable Artic lands. It relies on its thick coat both to keep warm and for camouflage. It is capable of running at high speeds to escape from predators. The Arctic Hare grows to between 43 and 70 cm (17 and 27.5 in) in length. […]
Farmers resort to cultivation of a number of crops and rotate particular crop combinations. More than 250 cropping systems are being followed in India, of which 30 cropping systems are more prevalent. Some of the important cropping systems are: 1. Sequential cropping system: Growing crops in sequence within a crop year, one crop being sown […]
Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) The compact fluorescent lamps are becoming very useful nowadays, because of consumption of power, cost, longer life, attractive look, smooth light and low maintenance. These lamps are available in different sizes and designs. They have single rod, double rod, triple rod or spiral rod. These lamps are available in different power […]
Seed treatment Seed treatment is usages of specific products and specific techniques to improve the growth environment for the seed, seedlings and young plants. It ranges from a basic dressing to coating and pelleting. Seed dressing: This is the most common method of seed treatment. The seed is dressed with either a dry formulation or […]
Fluorescent lamp It is a low pressure mercury vapour lamp. It consists of a glass tube 25 mm in diameter and 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 1.5 m in length. The inner portion of the tube is coated with phosphorous. The tube contains argon gas at low pressure and a drop of mercury is added. […]
seed’ (in some plants, referred to as a ‘kernel’) is a small embryonic ’plant’ enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some ‘stored food’. Seeds fundamentally are a means of reproduction and most seeds are the product of ‘sexual reproduction’, which remixes genetic material and ‘phenotype variability’ that ‘natural selection’ acts upon […]
Mercury vapour lamp On the basis of pressure inside the discharge tube, the mercury vapour lamps are classified as High pressure mercury vapour lamp and Low pressure mercury vapour lamp. High pressure mercury vapour lamps are classified as: 1. MA type (Mercury vapour lamp with auxiliary electrode) These are operated at 220 ‐ 250 volt, […]
Sodium vapour lamp Sodium vapour lamps are some of the most efficient lamps in the world. They have an efficiency of up to 190 lumens per watt compared to an incandescent street lamp which has between 15 and 19 lumens per watt. This sodium vapour lamps comes in two major groups: 1. High pressure sodium […]
Drainage it is a removal of water from the field as a moisture control mechanism. •Drainage and irrigation are important aspects to be understood by the farmers •Drainage provides desirable environment in the crop root zone •Necessity of drainage is felt when there is excess water in root zone •Source of excess water are •Uncontrolled […]
It is clear from the above diagram that drip irrigation is the most efficient irrigation in terms of water use efficiency compared to all other methods. Flood irrigation method is found to be the most uneconomical irrigation method in terms of water use efficiency when compared to all other methods. In order to popularize micro […]
•Furrows are small channels, which carry water down the land slope between the crop rows. •Water infiltrates into the soil as it moves along the slope. •The crop is usually grown on the ridges between the furrows. •This method is suitable for all row crops and for crops that cannot stand in water for long […]
Various methods can be used to supply irrigation water to the plants •Surface irrigation: •Basin irrigation •Furrow irrigation •Sprinkler irrigation •Drip irrigation Surface Irrigation Surface irrigation is the application of water by gravity flow to the surface of the field. •Either the entire field is flooded (Basin Irrigation) or the water is fed into small […]
An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. When rainfall is not sufficient, the plants must receive additional water from irrigation. Points consider for irrigation decisions •Land suitability for irrigation like slope •Effective rainfall: Part of the total rain is useful for crop production •When to irrigate: Decide based on soil, crop and climatic […]