நிலச்சீர்திருத்தங்கள் மற்றும் கிராமப்புற மறுசீரமைப்பு இந்திய அரசியலமைப்பின்படி வேளாண்மை மாநில அரசுகளின் பட்டியலில் இடம் பெற்றுள்ளது. அதன்படி ஒவ்வொரு மாநிலமும் தனித்தனியாக நிலச்சீர்திருத்தங்கள் தொடர்பான சட்டங்களை இயற்றியாக வேண்டும். இவ்வாறு நிலச்சீர்திருத்தத்தின் அடிப்படை வடிவம் அனைத்து மாநிலங்களுக்கும் பொதுவாக இருந்தாலும், சில குறிப்பிட்ட வகைகள் சார்ந்த நிலச்சீர்திருத்தச் சட்டங்கள் இயற்றப்படுவதில் மாநிலங்களிடையே ஒரே சீரான தன்மையில்லை. ஜமீன்தாரிமுறை ஒழிப்பு நாடு விடுதலை பெறுவதற்கு முன்னரே,ஜமீன்தாரிமுறை ஒழிப்பு இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசினுடைய அறிக்கையின் ஒரு பகுதியாக இடம் பெற்றிருந்தது. […]
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What is Leaf spring and How leaf springs assembled, Types of Leaf springs
Leaf Spring This type of springs is widely used in light and heavy commercial vehicles. Construction A leaf spring is built with number of leaves. The leaves are placed one over the other, and are held together by clamps and a bolt at the center. The leaves are usually given an initial curvature or cambered, […]
Parts of a Brake System – Automobile Brake Drum, Brake shoes, Brake linings
Common parts of braking system The common parts of brake systemare listed below1. Brake drum2. Brake shoes3. Brake linings Brake drum Brake drums are commonly openedin the inner side and closed on the outer side. The brake shoes present inside the brake drum are expanded and operate the brake. Due to the friction created while […]
How Automobile Hand Brake works – Study materials
During normal operating conditions, for stopping the vehicle foot brake is commonly used. However, during emergency or dangerous situations when the foot operated brake loses its ability to operate correctly, then hand brake is used to stop the vehicle. Moreover when the vehicle is climbing down on lower roads and when the vehicle is under […]
ABS Brake Working – Parts of ABS brake system, Anti lock brake system, Advantages and disadvantages of ABS brake
Anti-lock brake system – ABS Brake system Generally the purpose of the brake is to reduce the speed of the vehicles within a particular distance. The brake system which is presently used in automobiles provides the required braking force for controlling the speed of vehicle. However,nsuddenly or unexpectedly when the vehicle is stopped, the vehicle […]
Disc Brake working principle, Advantages and disadvantages of Diac Brake – Automobile Study material
Disc type brake In New model vehicles disc type brake is widely used apart from drum type brake system. In this type of brake system a circular brake discas shown in Figure is used instead ofbrake drum. Moreover instead of brake shoe flat friction grip is used in this system. When the brake pedal ispressed […]
Servo Brake, Vacuum Servo brake – Brake system study material
Servo brake For stopping the heavy vehicles, higher amount of braking force is required.Hence for increasing the braking force the driver has to apply more force on the brake pedal. During long distance travels the driver becomes tired due to the above problem. To avoid this difficulty and help the drivers any one type of […]
Air Brake, Working of a Air brake, Parts Of a Air brake – Air brake Function
Air Brake Generally the performance of hydraulic brake is based on the amount force applied on the brake pedal by the driver. Hence for obtaining high braking force the driver has to press the brake pedal at high force. This causes the driver more tiresome. To eliminate this difficulty and obtaining maximum braking force by […]
Power Brake System in a Vehicle, Mechanical Brake Working Principle, construction of Brake
Power brake In mechanical braking system, when the braking force is applied by the driver by pressing the brake pedal due to the mechanical advantage combined with braking force the vehicle is stopped.However, when the vehicle’s weight and speed are increased, the mechanical braking system will be no longer capable of providing sufficient braking force […]
Mechanical brake, Internal Expanding brake, External Contracting Brakes
Mechanical brake Mechanical brakes are classified into two different types, they are shown as follow 1. Internal Expanding Brake 2. External Contracting Brake Internally Expanding Brake In this braking system the brake shoes are mounted inside of brake drum and the lower ends of brake shoes are connected with help of anchor pins and brake […]
What is Brake System, What are all the types of Brake system
For the safe and accident free travel the vehicle must be driven under control.we have to drive the vehicle with control.All the mechanical devices invented by human beings must be controlled by the human. As compared to the earlier automobile vehicles, the modern automobile vehicles are faster in speed. Such vehicles are controlled by the […]
What is Tube, What is tube puncture, Methods of Tube puncture rectifying – Automobile Study material
Tube A blanket cover like part which is used for storing the air inside the tyre is called as the tube. It is made up of natural or synthetic rubbers. For injecting and releasing air in the tube, tube valve is used. It is a one way valve which helps to send air to the […]
How to select Good Tyre, Tyre Wear, Maintenance of a tyre – Automobile Study material
Selection of the tyre The tyre selection for any vehicle is based on the following considerations 1. It should work for a long time. 2. The price of the tyre should be low and should have good quality. 3. The tyre must have the required tread pattern and ply rating for the specific application. 4. […]
Tyre construction and Properties of a Tyre – Automobile Study material
Properties of tyre The following are the important properties of the tyres 1. It should be more comfort for traveling. 2. It should be able to withstand vibrations of the road sides. 3. The tyre should give stability to the vehicle when the vehicle is negotiating a turn. 4. Vehicle should stop immediately by creating […]
How Tyre Manufactured, Types Of Tyres – Automobile Study material
What is Tyre Tyre is fixed on the rim of wheel in the vehicle. The tube in the tyre is filled with air. The tyre carries the weight of the vehicle and gives smooth ride to the vehicle. Types of tyre The tyre are classified into the following types, 1. Solid tyre 2. Pneumatic tyre […]
What is Wheel, Requirements of Wheel, Properties of wheel and Types Of Wheel
What is Wheel? It is well known that how important, are the wheels in automobiles. The vehicle can be pulled even with no engine. However, without the wheels the vehicle cannot be moved at all. Furthermore, the wheels carry the full load of the vehicle and give smooth ride. Besides that the wheels help in […]
Rear Axle and Types Of Rear Axle – Automobile Studymaterial
Rear axle The engine’s power comes from the differential is transmitted through the rigid shaft called as the rear axle. It is made as two parts such as left side and right side in the vehicle and used. The axle’s inner edge is connected with the sun gear by the splines and outer edge is […]
Connecting Methods of Bevel Gears, Straight bevel gears, hypoid gears, spiral bevel gears, worm and worm wheel gear – Automobile studymaterial
Connecting methods of bevel gears Based on the arrangement of the teeth in the pinion gear, the connecting methods with crown wheel are classified in to four different types. 1. Straight bevel gears 2. Spiral bevel gears 3. Hypoid gears 4. Worm and worm wheel Straight bevel gears In this type the gear teeth are […]
Group 1 Main Exam Syllabus – General studies and General English
General Studies Syllabus UNIT – I: HISTORY: MODERN INDIA Advent of European invasion- Effect of British rule on socio-economic factors – Social reforms and religious movements – India since independence – Characteristics of Indian culture – India – a secular state – Organizations for fine arts, dance, drama, music – Growth of rationalist, Dravidian movement […]
Combined Civil Services Examination Group 1 Syllabus, General Studies UG degree standard, Objective Type, Preliminary examination
UNIT-I : GENERAL SCIENCE (i) Scientific Knowledge and Scientific temper – Power of Reasoning- Rote Learning Vs Conceptual Learning-Science as a tool to understand the past, present and future. (ii) Nature of Universe – General Scientific Laws – Mechanics – Properties of Matter, Force, Motion and Energy – Everyday application of the basic principles of […]



















