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The structure of an organization is represented in the form of a chart. There are two types of organization charts based on authority relationship. An organization chart shows the subordinate-superior relationships and the decision making authority in an establishment. Definition: Authority: Authority is defined asthe power or right to give orders, make decisions and enforce […]
It is a mechanical process that finishes the fabric, by passing it between sets of rollers and applying heat and pressure. The outside of the rollers can be smoother or engraved to give the perfect finish to the fabric, the structure of the rollers varies from hardened chromium plated steel to elastic thermoplastic rollers. By […]
Bleaching Bleach is a chemical that removes colour or whitens a fabric via oxidation or reduction method. Many types of bleach have strong bactericidal properties, and are used for disinfecting and sterilizing. Bleaching is another important pretreatment next to scouring, performed on cotton fibres. This treatment is given to decolourize the natural colouring matter present […]
Cotton: The word cotton is derived from the Arabic word qoton or qutun, which means a plant found in conquered land. Cotton is fiber that grows from the surrounding surface of seeds in the pods, or balls of a bushy mallow plant. It is composed basically of a substance called cellulose. Principal Origin : Natural […]
Energy flow The transfer of energy in an ecosystem between trophic levels can be termed as energy flow. It is the key function in an ecosystem. Part of the energy obtained from the sun by producers is transferred to consumers and decomposers through each trophic level, while some amount of energy is dissipated in the […]
Clothing is used to cover the body, to make you feel more attractive, and to communicate with others. People wear clothes for many different reasons. Some of these reasons are physical. You wear clothes for comfort and protection. Others are for psychological and social reasons. Clothes give you self-confidence and express your personality. Clothes also […]
This type of finish changes the internal performance of the fabric. These are given to improve the aesthetic purpose of a fabric. Thus functional finishes can be further divided into two groups : 1. Aesthetic Finish It is given to enhance the fabric appearance and its draping ability. Some of the important aesthetic finishes are […]
Biopharming also known as molecular pharming is the production and use of transgenic plants genetically engineered to produce pharmaceutical substances for use of human beings. This is also called “molecular farming or pharming”. These plants are different from medicinal plants which are naturally available. The use of plant systems as bioreactors is gaining more significance […]
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Synthetic polymers are non-degradable and pollute the soil and when burnt add dioxin in the environment which cause cancer. So, efforts were taken to provide an alternative eco-friendly biopolymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) are group of degradable biopolymers which have several medical applications such as drug delivery, scaffold and heart valves. PHAs […]
Sometime in May 1942 Gandhi took it upon himself to steer the Indian National Congress into action. Gandhi’s decision to launch a mass struggle this time, however, met with reservation from C. Rajagopalachari as much as from Nehru. Conditions were ripe for an agitation. Prices of commodities had shot up many-fold and there was shortage […]
It is a powerful method used for screening of recombinant plasmid. In this method, a reporter gene lacZ is inserted in the vector. The lacZ encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase and contains several recognition sites for restriction enzyme. β-galactosidase breaks a synthetic substrate called X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-βD-galacto-pyranoside) into an insoluble blue coloured product. If a foreign gene […]
Introduction T he influence of the Left-wing in the Indian National Congress and consequently on the struggle for independence was felt in a significant manner from the late 1920s. The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed, by M.N. Roy, Abani Mukherji, M.P.T. Acharya, Mohammad Ali and Mohammad Shafiq, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan then in the […]
Polygenic Inheritance in Wheat (Kernel colour) Polygenic inheritance Several genes combine to affect a single trait. A group of genes that together determine (contribute) a characteristic of an organism is called polygenic inheritance. It gives explanations to the inheritance of continuous traits which are compatible with Mendel’s Law. The first experiment on polygenic inheritance was […]
1. The Merchant of Venice was written by a) T.S. Eliot b) Christopher Marlowe c) William Shakespeare d) Charles Dickens Answer – C 2. Antonio is a_____ a) Sailor b) Thief c) Merchant d) Goldsmith Answer – C 3. When the play starts Antonio is described as____ a) corrupt b) ambiguous c) depressed d) happy […]
Computers and Their Impact The extreme increase in the use of computers has drastically changed the lives of many people. Computers, as Sherry Turkle in “Who Am We” discussed, initially were used as simple calculators, but through the years they have come to be valued as more than simple machines (442). “The computer has gained […]
INTRODUCTION Life of a cell is entirely based on planar sandwiches called membranes that are capable of protecting and separating the cells from the world around. These membranes, generally, are impermeable to macromolecules but can facilitate movement of certain molecules across it and contribute to maintain homeostasis at a greater level . Membranes are comprised […]
What does gross domestic product mean? “Gross” signifies that no deduction has been made for the depreciation of machinery, buildings and other capital products used in production. “Domestic” means that it is production by the resident institutional units of the country. The products refer to final goods and services,that is, those that are purchased, imputed […]
தமிழ்த்தாய் வாழ்த்து என்பது இந்திய மாநில அரசுகளுள் தமிழை ஆட்சி மொழியாய் கொண்டுள்ளவற்றில் பாடப்பெறும் வாழ்த்துப் பாடலாகும். இது தமிழ் மொழியை வாழ்த்தி வணக்கம் செலுத்துவதாக அமையும். இப்பாடல் அரசு விழாக்கள், பள்ளிகளின் காலை இறைவணக்கக் கூட்டம் முதலான நிகழ்வுகளின் தொடக்கத்தில் பாடப்படுகிறது. இந்திய தேசிய கீதம்இறுதியில் பாடப்படும். தமிழக அரசால் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட தமிழ்த்தாய் வாழ்த்துப் பாடலை எழுதியவர் மனோன்மணியம் பெ.சுந்தரனார் என்பவராவார். இவர் எழுதிய புகழ்பெற்ற நாடக நூலான மனோன்மணியம் நூலில் உள்ள துதிப்பாடலின் ஒரு […]
First Reading Second Reading Committee Stage Report Stage Third Reading Committee StageIf the bill is referred to a select Committee, the mover selects the members of the Committee, the Speaker or the Chairman of the House appoints one member of the Committee and the Chairman of the Committee. The Committee will study of the bill […]
அடுக்குவிதிகள்- laws of exponent அடுத்தடுத்த- alternate அடைத்தல் – packing அமைப்பு-patten அறிவியல் குறியீடு- scientific notation இணைக்கோடுகள்- parallels line’s இணைய வழி- online இயல் எண்- natural number இரண்டாம் நிலை தரவு- secondary data இலக்கங்கள்- digits உள்வட்டமையம்- incentre எதிர் விகிதம்- inverse proportion ஏறு/ உயர்வு /அதிகம்- increase ஒரு புள்ளி வழிச்செல்லும் கோடுகள்- concurrent lines ஒருங்கமைப் புள்ளி- point of concurrently கணக்கிடுத்தல்- calculation காரணி- […]