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Root rot and stem rot Macrophomina phaseolina Bacterial wilt Pseudomonas solanacearum 1. ROOT ROT and STEM ROT – Macrophomina phaseolina Symptoms The fungus attacks the stem at the nodal region, causing shredding of the bark. In mature plants, necrotic lesions on the leaves appear at the apex and along their margins. Pycnidia are formed on […]
DISEASES OF BARLEY DISEASES CAUSAL ORGANISM Leaf rust Puccinia hordei Stem rust Puccinia graminis f.sp. secalis Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis Covered smut Ustilago hordei Loose smut Ustilago nuda Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei Bacterial leaf blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae Barley stripe mosaic Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) 1. Stem rust — Puccinia graminis […]
PESTS ON TUBER CROPS POTATO Cutworms, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera Common cutworm, Agrotis segetum Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Spotted cutworm, Xestia C-nigrum Variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Feed on foliage Cut tender stem Larvae remain in soil Larva dark brown in colour Pupates inside the soil Adult – brown fore wings with spots and markings Potato […]
BRINJAL Shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera) Leucinodes orbonalis is the most important and destructive pest of brinjal. It starts damaging brinjal plant, few weeks after transplantation. Larva bores into tender shoots and causes withering of terminal shoots or dead hearts. It also bores into petioles of leaves, flower buds and developing fruits […]
PESTS ON SESAME Til Leaf and Pod Caterpillar, Antigastra catalaunalis Lepidoptera: Pyralidae A serious and regular pest. Young caterpillars feed on leaves. They also bore into the shoots, flowers, buds and pods. An early attack kills the whole plant, but infestation of the shoots at a later stage hampers further growth and flowering. The maximum […]
PESTS OF LILY Leaf caterpillar Polytela gloriosa Noctuidae : Lepidoptera Adult – brown with yellow and red markings. Larva -leaf feeder PESTS OF NERIUM Sphingid caterpillar Deilephila nerii Sphingidae : Lepidoptera Adult: Robust, green moth with yellow markings Leaf butterfly Euploea core Danaidae : Lepidoptera Larva: Blackish brown, […]
PESTS OF JASMINE Budworm, Hendecasis duplifascialis Hmpsn Pyraustidae Lepidoptera Caterpillar makes hole on the flower bud and feeds on the inner content. Larva also attacks 2 -3 buds and buds are webbed together by silken threads. Adult is a small white moth with black palpi and three lines on the abdomen and hind legs. Larva […]
PESTS OF TEA Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Miridae – Hemiptera Adults and nymphs suck the sap from buds, young leaves and tender stems by puncturing the plant tissues with needle like stylets and inject toxic saliva. These punctures appear as reddish brown spots. Due to intensive feeding, leaves curl up, become badly deformed and […]
PESTS OF COFFEE White stem borer Xylotrechus quadripes Cerambycidae: Coleoptera White stem borer is the most serious pest of Arabica coffee in India. Alternate host plants include Robusta tree coffee, teak, Oleadioica etc. However, borer usually does not breed in these plants. Adult is slender and 2.5 cm long beetle. Forewings are black with white […]
CARDAMOM Shoot/panicle/capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera) It is a serious pest of nurseries in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. Alternate hosts are castor, turmeric, guava, mulberry etc. Larvae bore in to pseudostem of seedlings and feed on nursery plants and young tillers in plantation. Infestation is indicated by the presence of entry holes plugged […]
PEPPER Pollu beetle, Longitarsus nigripennis (Alticidae: Coleoptera) This is the most important pest in West coast area. It causes 30 to 40 percent loss in yield of pepper. Grub feeds on growing tip, tender stem, leaf petiole, spikes and berry. Tunneling of tender stem causes drying up of shoot. Portions of spikes tunneled by grubs […]
PESTS ON SPICES AND CONDIMENTS CHILLIES Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) Thrips cause severe damage in areas where chilli is cultivated as a dry crop. It also attacks on tea, acacia, prosopis, castor, cotton, mango, onion, groundnut, pomegranate, pulses, brinjal grape vine, Citrus sp. and numerous weeds. Both nymphs and adults lacerate leaf tissues […]
PESTS ON SUGARCANEEarly shoot borer – Chilo infuscatellus (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) P refer 1-3 months old crop. Caterpillar enters the stem by making holes above the ground level. Formation of “dead heart” is the symptom. Affected plants can be easily pulled out. Rotten portion of the dead heart emits an offensive odour. High temperature, low humidity, […]
CITRUS Lime tree borer or orange borers Chelidonium cinctum (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) This is a major and highly destructive pest in South India. Wilting of twigs and stems, gum exudations and wood powder accumulation on ground below are symptoms of attack. Adult is dull metallic green to dark violet with a yellow band across the middle […]
MANGO Mango hoppers Idioscopus clypealis, I. niveosparsus, Amritodes atkinsoni (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) Hoppers are the most destructive pests of mango. Hoppers are active throughout the year, but abundant during hot months of May to June and cold months of October to January, synchronizing with flowering of mango trees. When inflorescence appears, hoppers start laying […]
PESTS ON PULSES Gram pod borer –Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae: Lepidoptera It is a serious pest of chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, mungbean, urd bean, lentil, soybean, cowpea, cotton, sorghum, okra, maize, tomato, bhendi and sunflower. Larva – polyphagous Feed on the foliage, when young and on the seed in later stages with their body hanging outside. A […]
BANANA Rhizome weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) It is a major pest of banana. Adult is a stout, reddish brown weevil. Grub is apodous and yellowish with reddish head. Grub bores into rhizome and tunnels within it. Pupates within a chamber made near the outer surface of rhizome. Adult also tunnels within stem feeding on […]
GUAVA Tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii (Miridae: Hemiptera) Fruit borer/ Castor capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera) Guava fruit flies Bactrocera diversus (Tephritidae: Diptera) Whiteflies, Aleurotuberculatus psidii (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) Aphids, Aphis gossypii (Aphididae: Hemiptera) Mealy bugs, Coccus viridis and Ferrisia virgata (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) Guava scales Chloropulvinaria psidii (Diaspididae: Hemiptera) Bark borer, Indarbela tetraonis (Metarbelidae: Lepidoptera) […]
Millets are indigenous to many parts of the world.The most widely grown millet is pearl millet, which is an important crop in India and parts of Africa.Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species In India, various alcoholic beverages are produced from millets.[31] Millet is also the base ingredient for the […]
PEST ON RICE Swarming caterpillar – Spodoptera mauritia Noctuidae : Lepidoptera It is a serious pest on nurseries and early stage of the crops. During night hours, larvae cut the seedlings in large scale and present a cattle-grazing appearance to the field. Gregarious feeders and march from field to field. Damage is severe in […]