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What is resources? A resource is a naturally occurring exploitable material that a society perceives to be useful to its economic and material wellbeing. Willing, healthy and skilled workers also constitute a valuable resource, but without access to materials such as fertile soil or petroleum, human resources are limited in their eff ectiveness. Resources are […]
Problems of Urbanization India has the second largest urban population in the world only after China. India’s urban population (about 28% of the total population) is almost equal to the total population of USA. The rate of urban growth is on the upswing. People in large number are arriving in the mega and metropolitan cities, […]
This theory was given by Ernest Burgess in 1925. He envisaged that the development of a city outwards from a centre in concentric zones in a ripple-like fashion. He made the following assumptions: A. The city grows outwards in the form of f ive concentric zones or rings as long as there are no physical […]
Urbanization of the World and India Urbanisation refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger […]
Urban settlements T he census of India, 1991 defines urban settlements as “All places which have municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee and have a minimum population of 5000 persons, at least 75 per cent of male workers are engaged in non-agricultural pursuits and a density of population of at least 400 […]
Based on shape, the settlements are classified as 1. Compact or Nucleated Settlements In the nucleated settlements, the houses are built very close to each other. Normally, fertile plain regions have such compact or nucleated settlements. 2. Dispersed Settlements In such kind of settlements, houses are spaced far apart and often interspersed with fields, however, […]
On the basis of forms or shapes of the settlements, rural settlements are classified as Linear, Rectangular, Circular, Star like, T-shaped village, Y-shaped village, Compact, Disperse, Planned, etc. The settlement in which houses are constructed along a road, railway line, river, canal edge of a valley, or along a levee is known as Linear Pattern. […]
Site T he Site of a settlement describes the physical nature of where it is located. Factors such as water supply, building materials, quality of soil, climate, shelter and defence were all considered when settlements were first established. For instance, the site of Sydney, in Australia, initially took advantage of the excellent natural harbour and […]
Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities. This regularly contributes to environmental deterioration, worsening in […]
Migration means the movement of people from one place to the other. It is an important control of population growth after fertility and mortality. Migration of people into an area from outside is called immigration or in-migration while movement out of an area to other regions is called emigration or out-migration. Immigration leads to an […]
Composition of Population Composition of Population includes sex ratio, literacy rate, age pyramids etc. Sex Ratio T he sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As of 2014, the global sex ratio at birth is estimated at 107 boys to 100 girls (1000 boys per 934 girls). T he sex […]
After the introduction of agriculture about 8,000 to 12,000 years ago, the size of population was small, roughly 8 million. In the f irst century (C.E) it was below 300 million. The expanding world trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, set the stage for rapid population growth. Around 1750, at the dawn of Industrial […]
Absolute numbers do not give any indication of the impact of population on the land and its resources. The number of persons living per unit of land areas gives a better picture. This is expressed in the form of density of population per sq.km of land area.It is obtained by dividing the total land area […]